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- THE GULF WAR, Page 43The Superpower That Isn't There
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- Where's Japan? As the world's corporate giants scramble for
- contracts to raise a new Kuwait, representatives of the
- mightiest trading nation on earth have been sitting out the
- action. Major Japanese companies have not even participated in
- the bidding for reconstruction work in the devastated gulf
- country. Government leaders have warned Japanese firms against
- joining the rush for jobs lest they be seen as kajiba dorobo,
- or thieves who steal from a fire. "We won't take any
- initiative," says an official of a Japanese engineering
- company. "If Kuwait approaches us, we'll go. But for now we
- want to just wait and see."
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- Japan's sudden reluctance to seek profits abroad reflects
- the conflicting demands that have swept the country since the
- gulf crisis began. Japanese leaders have been torn between a
- constitutional ban against military action and allied
- insistence that the economic superpower contribute massive
- financial support, if not troops, to the war effort. Under
- these pressures, Prime Minister Toshiki Kaifu has pledged a
- total of $13 billion to the U.S.-led allied campaign.
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- Now Japanese firms are resigned to losing business to
- countries that participated in the fighting. Some companies
- doubt that Kuwait will give them a chance to fix equipment they
- built and installed themselves. "Repairs would be most
- efficiently done by the original supplier," says Yujia
- Wakayama, a spokesman for Toshiba, whose generators provided
- about half of Kuwait's electricity before the Iraqi occupation.
- "We are ready to cooperate if Kuwait requests it." But industry
- insiders concede that Kuwait may give the repair contracts to
- U.S. firms in recognition of America's leading role in
- liberating the country.
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- Some Japanese argue that the same constraints that kept them
- from sending soldiers to war may now bar them from certain
- peacetime jobs. They point out that Japan's laws ban the export
- of military weapons and equipment to manufacture arms. The
- terms are broadly defined. Under these rules, Japanese firms
- cannot even export equipment to remove mines (although in the
- past some companies, feeling less constrained, haven't minded
- selling high-tech equipment with potential military
- applications to the Soviet Union). "Japan was bashed for only
- providing money for the war and not participating directly,"
- says Masao Takemoto, a spokesman for electronics giant
- Mitsubishi. "But in the reconstruction period we will also be
- under restrictions."
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- Japan is not the only trading power that has been reluctant
- to press for contracts to rebuild Kuwait. Firms in Germany
- expect to miss out on much of the reconstruction because Bonn
- did not supply troops to the war effort and German companies
- illegally helped build chemical weapons for Iraq. But neither
- country intends to walk away from the region and leave a vast
- market to foreign firms. Kuwait will have to borrow to finance
- early projects, and flush Japanese lenders could be an
- important source of funds. While vowing not to attach strings
- to such money, Japan could well encourage Kuwait to spend it
- on the world-class services of Japanese contractors.
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